In this insightful interview with B&FT and Nvame, Prof. Francis Hasford, the Director of Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute (RAMSRI), GAEC, offers much-needed education on the role of nuclear technology in advancing healthcare in Ghana.
B&FT, Nvame: What role does nuclear technology play (historically and presently) in advancing healthcare along its entire value chain in Ghana?
Prof. Hasford: Nuclear technology has played a transformative role in advancing healthcare in Ghana, both historically and in contemporary times. Historically, Ghana’s adoption of nuclear science in healthcare began with the establishment of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) in 1963.
Since then, nuclear applications have been integrated into medical diagnostics, treatment, and research. One of the earliest applications was the introduction of nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging, allowing healthcare professionals to detect and manage diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and thyroid disorders more effectively.
The establishment of radiotherapy services at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in 1998, through Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s facilitation for cancer treatment, using cobalt-60 teletherapy units, marked a significant milestone in providing life-saving interventions for cancer patients in Ghana.
Presently, nuclear technology continues to be indispensable across the entire healthcare value chain in Ghana, from disease prevention to treatment and management. The use of radiation in X-rays, mammography, computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy have improved disease detection over the years.
The use of radiopharmaceuticals in diagnostic imaging, particularly with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has enhanced early disease detection. Additionally, radiotherapy services have expanded, with modern linear accelerators (LINACs) complementing cobalt-60 units to improve the precision and effectiveness of cancer treatment.
GAEC’s gamma irradiation facility offers radiation sterilization of medical equipment to ensure the safety and hygiene of healthcare products, reducing the risk of infections in hospitals and clinics.
Beyond diagnostics and treatment, nuclear technology contributes significantly to capacity building and research in Ghana’s healthcare sector. GAEC, in collaboration with universities and international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has trained medical physicists, radiographers, and nuclear medicine specialists to support the safe and effective use of nuclear applications in medicine. Research in radiation oncology, dosimetry, and radiopharmaceutical development continues to improve treatment outcomes and drive innovation in Ghana’s healthcare system.
Looking ahead, the future of nuclear technology in Ghana’s healthcare sector holds immense promise. The expansion of nuclear medicine services, including the establishment of a cyclotron facility for local radiopharmaceutical production and installation of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) will enhance access to advanced diagnostics.
Further investments in nuclear research, infrastructure, and human resource development will ensure Ghana remains at the forefront of nuclear applications in healthcare. Strengthening regulatory frameworks and public awareness will also be essential in maximizing the benefits of nuclear technology while ensuring safety and sustainability.
B&FT, NVAME: Can you give us an overview of the institutional framework within the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), responsible for the application of nuclear technology in healthcare?
Prof. Hasford: RAMSRI (Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute) is one of the key research institutes under the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). The Institute is dedicated to advancing research, education, and applications of nuclear and radiological sciences in medicine and healthcare.
RAMSRI focuses on using nuclear science and radiation technology to enhance healthcare services, medical research, and industrial applications. The institute is instrumental in supporting medical physics, radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy in Ghana.
The core areas of medical research and clinical activities include medical imaging and nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and cancer management, radiation protection and safety, dosimetry and quality assurance, public health and epidemiology, and nutrition.
Significance of RAMSRI in Ghana’s Healthcare System
RAMSRI remains a critical institution in promoting the safe and effective use of nuclear science in Ghana’s healthcare sector. The Institute performs the following:
- Supports the fight against cancer through radiotherapy research.
- Enhances the diagnosis of diseases through nuclear imaging techniques.
- Ensures radiation safety and quality assurance in medical applications.
- Develops local expertise in medical physics and nuclear medicine.
B&FT, NVAME: Are there current investment opportunities for private sector involvement in this field? And what sub-segments particularly require these earnest investments?
Prof. Hasford: Yes, there are significant investment opportunities for private sector involvement in Ghana’s radiation medicine field. The rising burden of cancer and other non-communicable diseases has increased the demand for radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, and advanced diagnostic imaging.
However, access to these services remains limited, with most facilities concentrated in Accra and Kumasi. Private investors can establish radiotherapy centers, PET/CT imaging facilities, and nuclear medicine units in underserved regions, bridging the gap in healthcare delivery. Additionally, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) with government institutions can create sustainable business models for expanding radiation medicine infrastructure.
Another promising area for investment is local production and supply of radiopharmaceuticals, as Ghana currently relies heavily on imports. The establishment of a cyclotron facility for producing PET radioisotopes and a radiopharmaceutical manufacturing plant would significantly reduce costs, improve supply chain reliability, and support regional healthcare markets.
Investors can also explore equipment supply, servicing, and maintenance, ensuring that diagnostic and treatment centers have functioning, high-quality machines for sustainable operations.
B&FT, NVAME: What major research initiatives is the Commission undertaking to enhance healthcare delivery through nuclear technology?
Prof. Hasford: The Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), through its Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, is actively engaged in several research initiatives aimed at enhancing healthcare delivery through nuclear technology. The Radiopharmacy and Nuclear Medicine Centre within RAMSRI focuses on researching the application of radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine techniques to address health challenges in Ghana.
This includes developing nuclear imaging methods to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the Medical Radiation Physics Centre is instrumental in formulating protocols for medical imaging, ensuring the safe and effective use of radiation in diagnostics and therapy.
The Institute also researches into radiation and its effect on human biology, as well as application of nuclear techniques in mother and infant child nutrition. Beyond research, GAEC is committed to public education and advocacy, exemplified by initiatives such as public engagements on breast, prostate and cervical cancer, aiming to raise awareness and promote early detection.
Furthermore, GAEC has played a pivotal role in establishing key health facilities, including radiotherapy and nuclear medicine centers, and in training the necessary human resources to operate these centers effectively.
B&FT, NVAME: Public concerns about radiation exposure are common—what should the public know about radiation, and what measures are in place to ensure nuclear safety in healthcare applications?
Prof. Hasford: Public concerns about radiation exposure in Ghana are understandable, given the increasing use of nuclear technology in healthcare, energy, and industry. However, it is important for the public to know that medical radiation technologies are highly regulated and designed to ensure maximum safety while delivering critical healthcare benefits.
In diagnostic imaging (X-rays, CT scans, and nuclear medicine) and cancer treatment (radiotherapy), the amount of radiation exposure is carefully controlled and kept within safe limits, minimizing any long-term health risks. Unlike harmful radioactive contamination, the radiation used in medical applications is targeted, temporary, and used only when medically necessary.
To ensure nuclear safety in healthcare, Ghana has implemented strict regulatory and monitoring frameworks. The Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) oversees radiation safety standards, ensuring that all medical facilities using radiation comply with international guidelines set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Additionally, the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) conducts regular safety inspections, radiation dose monitoring, and personnel training to protect both healthcare workers and patients. Hospitals and imaging centers also use lead shielding, dosimeters for radiation monitoring, and strict operational protocols to reduce unnecessary exposure.
Public education and awareness initiatives are also in place to help demystify radiation risks and promote confidence in nuclear healthcare applications. GAEC, the Ministry of Health, and professional bodies such as the Ghana Society for Medical Physics (GSMP) frequently engage the public through workshops, media discussions, and training programs to address concerns and enhance radiation safety literacy. By adhering to these strict safety measures, Ghana ensures that nuclear technology in healthcare remains safe, effective, and beneficial for improved diagnosis and treatment.
B&FT, NVAME: What policies or training programmes exist to ensure that healthcare professionals safely handle this application of nuclear technology in medical treatments?
Prof. Hasford: Ghana has established comprehensive policies and training programs to ensure that healthcare professionals safely handle nuclear technology in medical treatments. The Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA), established under the Nuclear Regulatory Authority Act, 2015 (Act 895), oversees the regulation of civilian uses of nuclear and radioactive materials, ensuring adherence to safety standards in medical applications.
In terms of training, the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) plays a pivotal role. The RPI’s Radiation Protection Training and Consultancy Centre (RPTCC) offers education and training in radiation protection, safety, and nuclear security for professionals in the medical field. Notably, the RPI has organized workshops specifically for radiographers and X-ray technicians, focusing on techniques to mitigate risks associated with radiation exposure and updating practitioners on proper protocols.
Furthermore, the Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute (RAMSRI) of GAEC, conducts acceptance testing and commissioning of radiation medicine equipment to ensure they deliver optimal performance and accurate radiation doses to ensure the safety of patients and the staff during clinical use of the equipment.
In collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), RAMSRI hosts and trains medical physicists from other African countries on fellowship programs in diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine.
These programs aim to enhance the competencies of medical physicists across Africa, ensuring the safe and effective application of nuclear technology in healthcare. Additionally, the Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS) at the University of Ghana, recognized by the IAEA since 2006, serves as a center of excellence for training radiation protection practitioners and medical physicists, further contributing to the development of skilled professionals in the field.
B&FT, NVAME: What is the GAEC’s vision for the future of nuclear applications in Ghana’s healthcare system, and what steps are needed to achieve it? Can realistic timelines be attached?
Prof. Hasford: The Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) envisions a future where nuclear technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing Ghana’s healthcare system.
This vision focuses on expanding the use of nuclear applications to improve diagnostic and therapeutic services, particularly in oncology and other critical medical fields. To realize this, GAEC aims to establish advanced nuclear medicine and radiotherapy centers, ensuring equitable access to cutting-edge medical technologies across the country.
Additionally, GAEC is committed to upgrading RAMSRI and the GAEC hospital into a radiation emergency facility in the medium – long term as the country makes progress in its Nuclear Power programme. GAEC is also fostering research and development in nuclear science to address prevalent health challenges and to training a skilled workforce capable of safely and effectively utilizing nuclear technologies in healthcare.
