In the weeks leading up to Ghana’s 2024 general elections, the controversial Human Sexual Rights and Ghanaian Family Values Bill, popularly referred to as the Anti-LGBT bill, has become the focus of heated national debates.
There has been mixed reactions from Ghanaians, with many calling for a deeper understanding of the bill’s content. Billboards across the country, with the slogan “Ego reach we all”—translated as “It will affect us all”- have emphasised the need for citizens to read the proposed legislation.
What is in the bill?
The Anti-LGBT bill goes beyond targeting individuals with non-traditional sexual orientations. Its provisions could affect what people say, where they say it, and with whom they interact. For instance, clause 10(3) of the bill proposes up to 10 years’ imprisonment for expressing opinions that conflict with what the law deems as “proper family values.”
It also criminalises associating with individuals who hold out as not conforming to these family values. The term “holding out,” though not clearly defined, could make it a crime to express tolerance or support for lifestyles not aligned with the bill’s standards.
Defining “Proper Family Values”
At the heart of the proposed law is a strict definition of family values. According to the bill, marriage should only be a lifelong union between a man and a woman. The government is tasked with promoting and protecting these values while parents, teachers, and guardians must teach them to children.
The legislation mandates that individuals report anyone suspected of engaging in behaviors or relationships that violate these standards. For example, people could face prosecution based on how they dress, talk, or interact with others.
Implications for freedom of expression
One of the bill’s most controversial aspects is its impact on free speech. Expressing views that challenge the defined family values—whether on social media, radio, or television—could result in up to 10 years in prison. Media outlets and individuals alike could face censorship or harsh penalties for airing content deemed inappropriate under the proposed law.
The duty to report and refrain from support
The bill imposes an obligation on individuals and organizations to report suspected violations of its provisions. Failing to do so could result in criminal charges. This duty extends to landlords, healthcare providers, legal professionals, and even clergy, who might be required to report or refrain from assisting individuals who do not align with the prescribed family values.
For instance, doctors and counselors could face prosecution for offering care to individuals without reporting their sexual orientation. Family members, too, could be compelled to report relatives suspected of engaging in non-conforming behaviors, raising questions about the bill’s impact on privacy and confidentiality.
A nation divided
Supporters of the bill argue that it is necessary to preserve the country’s cultural and moral values. However, critics contend that its provisions are overly broad and risk infringing on fundamental freedoms, including the rights to privacy, free expression, and association.
The campaign to encourage citizens to read the bill emphasises the far-reaching implications it could have for everyone, regardless of their beliefs or lifestyle. The question for many is no longer about targeting specific groups but about whether the bill upholds the democratic principles enshrined in the Constitution.
As the debate intensifies, it remains clear that the Anti-LGBT bill has become a defining issue for the nation, dividing opinions and raising fundamental questions about the balance between cultural values and human rights.
