Does anyone ever pause and ponder traffic lights and traffic signals? And would it be weird to know that I do? In a city so quickly growing as Accra, one would think it would be something we did more often. Imagine the exceedingly high levels of carnage and chaos that would ensue if we woke up one day and traffic-lights and signals had disappeared from our cities.
Between the commercial and private vehicles, the motorcycles and bicycles, pedestrians and even baby-walkers, the traffic and confusion would be scores worse than the China National Highway 110 traffic jam (Wikipedia contributors, 2022) that began on August the 13th, 2010 and slowed thousands of vehicles for more than 100 kilometres and lasted an astounding 10 days!
Traffic-lights first appeared (for public use) 154 years ago in 1868, at Parliament Square in London (though invented by an African-American) so as to reduce the number of policemen needed for controlling traffic. The genius invention that has saved more lives and livelihoods than we can ever hope to quantify has several variated applications. According to some experts, traffic-lights have a general purpose, a specific purpose, and a more diversified focus that includes the use of big-picture road safety signs.
The general, specific and diversified purposes
Concerning the elaborated and expanded purpose of traffic-lights and traffic signals, experts ELTEC Corp documented it as follows:
The General purpose
- Maintain a safe flow of traffic
From managing travel times to preserving safe roadways, the majority of traffic signals are designed to keep cars, pedestrians, cyclists and anyone else using the road safely. These signals might be anything from warning signs to streetlights, from complex to simple – all for the sake of keeping people in their own lane. The idea here is to limit the speed and volume of traffic to safe levels by speeding up or slowing down traffic along the whole span of the road in question.
- Keep pedestrians and vehicles safe
When it comes to intersections, crosswalks, school zones and other places where there’s a good deal of both vehicular and foot traffic, traffic signals help communicate potential risk areas for both drivers and pedestrians. The signs that let you know a stoplight is around a curve, for example, prevent crashes or vehicle-pedestrian collisions by alerting drivers of a sudden or unexpected stop or slow-down on the road. Generally, this is about managing anywhere that roadways and traffic might bump up against non-traffic areas – city centres, neighbourhoods or basically anything that isn’t a long, barren highway.
- Minimise accident frequency and severity
Finally, traffic signals also play a role in limiting the amount and intensity of accidents that do happen. People aren’t infallible, so accidents happen even in some of the safest environments. In situations like this, limiting speeds or designing a series of signals to slow or stop traffic can at the very least reduce the impact of accidents that do happen. Practically speaking, this usually looks like speed limits or restructuring of lanes and major signals in highly trafficked areas that are more prone to accidents.
The specific purpose
“Of course, over the years traffic signals have evolved significantly to accommodate a wide variety of more particular uses. As neighbourhoods and roadways expand to cover more areas and weave through more of where we live, more specific and detailed traffic signals become necessary…In many cases, there’s a fairly homogeneous traffic light system in place; but in some cases more specialised equipment makes sense.
Specialised doesn’t necessarily mean complex, of course. Something as simple as a sign for deer crossing is a perfect example. It’s just a sign, but it’s specialised for areas susceptible to deer. It might also be more complicated of course, such as an RRFB that allows for an improved level of pedestrian and roadway safety in places where standard signage or signal intensity isn’t sufficient.
Looking forward, as people rethink the design of cars and cities to incorporate automation and AI, like self-driving cars or more technologically advanced public transportation, traffic signals will have to evolve even further. To account for increased speeds, more or less human interaction and the shifts in urban design, we may see completely new traffic signals or unexpected evolutions of traffic signals that already exist.
Diversified purpose
Of course, traffic signals work in tandem with civic design to increase safety. In much the same way that traffic signals change to meet the needs and requirements of different roads and urban design, the way people think about urban design will change as well. In some cities, a push toward more bike lanes necessitates signage and signals that account for increased bicycle traffic. In other cities, a set space in the middle of town may be designated for only pedestrian traffic, or places that are accessible only for public transport. (The Purpose of Traffic Signals | ELTEC, 2019)
Reasons for malfunctioning traffic-lights, signals and signs
Now, there is a myriad of reasons traffic-lights, signals and signs will malfunction or simply be damaged. One of the most obvious – and predominantly the usual suspect – is bad weather conditions. A good amount of strong rain and very heavy winds go a long way in rendering traffic-lights, signals and signs out of service and use. In Ghana, we can expect a series of malfunctions as we dive into the rainy season – a notice for all and sundry to remain extra vigilant.
Of course, another reason they might malfunction includes situations in which the electric poles or power grids supplying them (the traffic-lights and signals) power also malfunction, and associated reasons such as blackouts and brownouts. There are also recorded incidents in which people have vandalised them (the traffic-lights, signals and signs); some people have even gone so far as to drive their vehicles into them. Additional reasons include tampering, power-surges which cause them to short-circuit; old equipment deterioration; maintenance issues; the dumping of trash in traffic-light crevices, and various unknown reasons.
Who is responsible for repair and maintenance?
So really, who can we confidently point to or refer to whenever one of our traffic-lights, signals or signs is in need of repair or replacement? According to the structure of management surrounding them, there are indeed several governmental bodies and at least one private firm in charge of the care, maintenance and repair of our traffic-lights, signals and signs. Concerning those involved, the following bodies/people have been cited and hold different levels and degrees of responsibility:
- The Department of Urban Roads (DUR)
- The Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD)
- The Ghana Highway Authority (GHA)
According to an article published by Graphic Online, the following outlines at least a surface view of the multiplicity of authorities and the relative shared responsibilities they carry:
“The Department of Urban Roads (DUR) identified vandalising controllers, stealing cables and throwing refuse into controllers as some of the challenges affecting the functions of traffic-lights.
The DUR again stated that they are responsible for allocating funds and maintaining the traffic-lighst, while Private Firms on contract manage them.
The Motor Traffic and Transport Department (MTTD) is responsible for arresting drivers who break down traffic-lights.
Surprisingly, the MTTD – despite being at most junctions and intersections – often seem not to have an upper-hand in monitoring traffic-lights.
ACP (retired) Tandoh, a retired boss of the MTTD, revealed in a piece of online news that it is expected of a driver who crashes into and damages a traffic light to report to the police for investigations after which the Ghana Highway Authority (GHA) takes over to replace the traffic light.
Thus, the DUR, MTTD, GHA and other private firms all admit to playing a role in ensuring safety on our roads. (Who Monitors Traffic Lights? 2018)
Conclusion
Now that we have this information, albeit somewhat inconclusive in certain areas as a result of lacking sufficient data, we can all of us be better-informed and take more responsible approaches to ensure our taxable income is responsibly used; and so we and those we care for are all the safer because we are not spectators and complainers, but citizens who understand the spirit of collective action, ownership and what it means to be a citizen!
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Have a blessed week!
References
Wikipedia contributors. (2022, May 27). China National Highway 110 traffic jam. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Highway_110_traffic_jam
The Purpose of Traffic Signals | ELTEC. (2019). The Purpose of Traffic Signals | ELTEC. https://elteccorp.com/news/other/what-is-the-purpose-of-traffic-signals/
Who monitors traffic lights? (2018, July 28). Graphic Online. https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/who-monitors-traffic-lights.html
Dr. Maxwell Ampong is an Investment Strategist with Maxwell Investments Group (MIG). MIG has a disciplined approach toward executing ESG-centric Sustainability Development Models, engages in Local & International Trade of Agricultural Commodities, and Market-Acquisition Strategies. He writes about trending and relevant economic topics, and general perspective pieces.
