By Dela EVANS
Ghana’s development strategy hinges on a dual resource framework: finite extractive assets below ground, and renewable human and ecological assets above.
Beneath-ground resources—minerals like gold, bauxite, lithium, oil, and rare earths—fuel industrial growth but require transparent governance, local value addition, and strategic reinvestment to avoid volatility and depletion.
Above-ground resources—human capital, agriculture, renewables, and cultural heritage—offer long-term, regenerative potential. These must be cultivated through education, climate-smart farming, green energy, and global cultural engagement.
The development sweet spot lies in integration: using extractive wealth to empower human and ecological assets. When mining revenues fund schools, solar farms, and tech hubs, Ghana shifts from dependency to sustainable dynamism
The path to self-sustaining prosperity – Autonomous growth and the Rule of 70
As Ghana charts its long-term development course, the goal is to cultivate an economy whose momentum is driven from within—where growth is powered not by external aid or intervention, but by the country’s own population, innovation, and productive capacity.
This vision is anchored in the principle of autonomous growth—the natural expansion of the economy through internal forces such as demographic vitality, technological progress, capital accumulation, and entrepreneurial activity. Autonomous growth reflects the economy’s “default momentum”—the kind of progress that continues even in the absence of foreign aid, government stimulus, or global shocks.
For policymakers, this concept offers critical strategic value:
- Sustainability – Autonomous growth signals the underlying health and resilience of the economy. A country that can grow on its own is better equipped to weather global volatility.
- Policy Benchmarking – It allows leaders to distinguish between growth driven by reforms and growth that would have occurred regardless—enabling more accurate evaluation of policy impact.
- Long-Term Planning – Understanding autonomous growth helps governments forecast future needs—such as infrastructure, education, and employment—with greater precision.
This is where the Rule of 70 becomes a vital planning tool. It states that dividing 70 by the annual growth rate gives the number of years it takes for an economy to double. For example, with a 7% growth rate, Ghana’s economy would double in just 10 years. This simple yet powerful formula helps planners set realistic targets, measure progress, and anticipate resource demands.
By aligning extractive revenues with regenerative investments, and by fostering conditions for autonomous growth, Ghana can reach its development sweet spot—a point where internal momentum sustains national progress, and strategic foresight ensures that growth is inclusive, resilient, and enduring.
Visualizing the Rule of 70 The chart below illustrates how doubling time decreases as growth rates increase:
Chart Title: Rule of 70: Economic Doubling Time by Growth Rate X-axis: Annual Growth Rate (%) Y-axis: Years to Double Economy

At 1% growth, it takes 70 years to double the economy. At 10%, it takes just 7 years. The curve reveals an inverse, nonlinear relationship—highlighting how even modest increases in growth rates can dramatically accelerate national progress.
Phased implementation plan (2029–2049)
To translate Ghana’s strategic vision into tangible progress, the national development agenda will unfold through five interlinked phases. Each phase builds upon the previous, ensuring continuity, scalability, and impact across sectors—from agriculture and infrastructure to innovation and sustainability.
Phase 1: 2029–2033 — Laying the foundations
Focus: Agriculture revitalization, rural infrastructure, and technical skills development.
- Expand irrigation and mechanization for smallholder farmers.
- Build rural roads and storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses.
- Launch vocational training in agriculture, agro-processing, and digital platforms.
- Pilot agro-processing zones in cocoa, cassava, and maize regions.
Expected Outcomes: Increased agricultural productivity, improved rural livelihoods, and a skilled workforce ready for agro-industrial expansion.
Phase 2: 2033–2037 — Agro-industrial expansion
Focus: Agro-processing scale-up, value chain development, and technical education.
- Scale agro-processing zones into regional export hubs.
- Strengthen linkages between farmers, processors, and urban markets.
- Expand technical education in food tech, logistics, and agribusiness.
- Introduce private sector incentives and begin extractive revenue transition.
Expected Outcomes: Growth in agro-based exports, enhanced food value chains, and stronger technical education systems.
Phase 3: 2037–2041 — Infrastructure and industrialization
Focus: Infrastructure development, energy transition, and light manufacturing.
- Invest in transport corridors (rail, road, ports).
- Expand solar and wind energy in rural and industrial zones.
- Develop industrial parks for textiles, packaging, and electronics.
- Digitize public services and expand broadband access.
- Strengthen governance institutions for transparency and investment confidence.
Expected Outcomes: Improved connectivity, diversified energy mix, and emergence of competitive light manufacturing.
Phase 4: 2041–2045 — Innovation and technology
Focus: Advanced industries, digital economy, and research & development.
- Invest in R&D centres and university-industry partnerships.
- Promote startups in tech, biotech, and clean energy.
- Expand STEM education and innovation hubs.
- Deepen global value chain participation through high-tech exports.
- Implement smart city initiatives in major urban centres.
Expected outcomes: Increased innovation capacity, growth in high-value exports, and enhanced urban sustainability.
Phase 5: 2045–2049 — Sustainability and legacy
Focus: Environmental resilience, cultural economy, and inclusive development.
- Scale climate adaptation in agriculture and coastal zones.
- Promote cultural industries (music, fashion, heritage tourism).
- Strengthen social protection and inclusive policies.
- Institutionalize long-term planning and citizen participation.
- Evaluate and refine strategy for the next generation.
Expected Outcomes: Climate-resilient economy, vibrant cultural sector, and inclusive national development.
Conclusion – From vision to action
Ghana’s path to sustainable national development demands more than ambition—it requires disciplined execution, strategic foresight, and inclusive governance. To translate this vision into measurable outcomes, the country must adopt a coherent set of policy guidelines that anchor planning in consistency, accountability, and adaptability.
First, integrated resource planning must ensure that revenues from extractive industries are systematically reinvested into human capital, infrastructure, and innovation. This linkage transforms finite wealth into enduring progress.
Second, scenario-based forecasting must become a standard tool in policymaking—enabling Ghana to anticipate disruption, model complex interdependencies, and design resilient strategies through cross-impact assessments of both linear and non-linear variables.
Third, decentralized implementation is essential. Local governments and communities must be empowered to adapt national priorities to regional realities, ensuring that development is inclusive, context-sensitive, and locally owned.
Fourth, performance monitoring and feedback loops must be institutionalized. Real-time data systems and citizen engagement mechanisms will allow for continuous learning, course correction, and transparency.
Fifth, legal and institutional reforms must reinforce the rule of law, combat corruption, and foster civic participation—building the trust and stability needed to attract long-term investment and unlock national potential.
Finally, Ghana must uphold intergenerational equity—ensuring that today’s decisions protect the interests of future generations. This means balancing short-term gains with long-term sustainability in resource management, education, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion.
Together, these principles form the scaffolding of a resilient development architecture—one that is visionary yet grounded, ambitious yet accountable. With strategic clarity and collective commitment, Ghana can shape a future defined not only by growth, but by dignity, opportunity, and legacy.
>>>the writer is a retired C-suite consultant and certified expert in Change Management and Transformation Strategy, with a distinguished career spanning corporate transformation and national development advisory. With extensive experience consulting for multinational European banks, industrial firms, and manufacturing conglomerates, Dela has led strategic change initiatives across international contexts—bridging private sector innovation with public sector reform. As the founder of the Ghana Change Academy, Dela now channels this expertise into advancing governance, institutional capacity, and citizen-centered development. His work reflects a deep commitment to systems thinking, inclusive growth, and the strategic foresight required to shape resilient national futures. Email: [email protected]