By Laurence NARDON
After US Vice President J.D. Vance’s hostile speech at February’s Munich Security Conference and President Donald Trump’s shameful treatment of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during his Oval Office visit later that month, even the most naive Europeans were forced to confront a sobering reality: the United States, under Trump, is no longer on their side.
To be sure, Trump’s unpredictability leaves room for sudden policy reversals, particularly when it comes to the strongmen he openly admires. His recent criticism of Vladimir Putin suggests growing frustration with the Russian president’s refusal to agree to a ceasefire in Ukraine. Similarly, Trump has noticeably distanced himself from Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, as evidenced by his overtures toward Iran and multibillion-dollar AI-chip deals with the Gulf states.
That said, it is clear that the transatlantic alliance has entered an especially difficult period –worse than during Trump’s first term. Notably, Trump’s attacks are not limited to specific countries and their leaders but extend to the European Union itself. He despises the EU – a supranational, liberal project fundamentally incompatible with his nationalist worldview. In Trump’s eyes, the EU and NATO have long enabled European countries to take advantage of the US.
But viewing the emerging transatlantic divide as geopolitical is misleading. The split is ideological. On one side is an illiberal, extremist project led by Trump and his allies in Europe; on the other are those determined to preserve liberal democracy, rooted in the eighteenth-century Enlightenment principles that have guided the West since 1945.
Trump’s administration and supporters promote ideas, ranging from nationalist populism to Silicon Valley libertarianism, that resonate in Europe, where leaders like Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, Slovakia’s Robert Fico, Italy’s Giorgia Meloni (who has, however, moderated her rhetoric since taking office in 2022), and various opposition parties champion similar illiberal views.
To be sure, Romanians recently rejected far-right candidate George Simion in favor of his pro-EU liberal opponent, Nicușor Dan, but Europe’s political landscape remains in flux. Voters in Poland may soon elect a president backed by the far-right Law and Justice Party, and Russian interference – particularly in Romania’s election – has been widespread and well-documented. As French President Emmanuel Macron noted in January, the global alliance of far-right populist forces reflects the emergence of a “reactionary international.”
On the other side of Europe’s political divide are the leaders committed to defending liberal democracy: Macron, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer (whose party’s recent landslide victory ended 14 consecutive years of Conservative rule), Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk; and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Their closest ideological counterparts in the US include centrist Republicans and moderate Democrats. The former have largely disappeared from the political map; the latter remain disoriented, fragmented, and without clear leadership in the wake of Trump’s re-election.
As the liberal-democratic camp struggles to regroup, its illiberal adversaries are proving far more coordinated. For years, far-right intellectuals and politicians on both sides of the Atlantic have engaged in frequent and intense exchanges over shared grievances, such as immigration and the perceived moral decay of the West. French author and conspiracy theorist Renaud Camus – especially his “Great Replacement” conspiracy theory – has been widely embraced by the American far right and Trump-aligned politicians.
So far, efforts to establish a transatlantic “populist international” have yielded only limited progress, mainly because the practical interests of these groups often clash. But that did not deter Trump from inviting several prominent figures from Europe’s radical right – including Reform UK leader Nigel Farage, French far-right polemicist and Reconquête leader Éric Zemmour, and Alice Weidel of Alternative für Deutschland – to his inauguration. In many ways, Trump himself serves as a symbolic figurehead linking these otherwise disparate movements.
Liberal thinkers have lacked their illiberal counterparts’ strategic focus. For decades, relations among Western democracies have evolved naturally through established channels and institutions, with political leaders reaffirming their shared democratic values during official visits. Former US President Joe Biden’s rousing speech on the beaches of Normandy on the 80th anniversary of D-Day, in which he extolled the virtues of freedom and democracy, is a prime example.
Given that liberal values underpinned the Western-led international order, there appeared to be little need for deeper reflection or debate about the importance of democracy and human rights. Liberalism was like water in an aquarium: essential, yet invisible to the fish. Western academics, writers, and mainstream commentators operated within this framework without questioning its underlying assumptions.
With the rise of Trump, Orbán, and other far-right demagogues, these assumptions can no longer be taken for granted. Liberal democrats must return to first principles and urgently reinvigorate dialogue between moderates in North America and Europe. Beyond symbolic gestures and moral support, political leaders should engage with like-minded intellectuals, journalists, and policymakers to foster cross-pollination and help forge a shared democratic vision for the future.
There is much to discuss: How can younger voters be convinced of the enduring value of democracy and the rule of law over the allure of charismatic strongmen? How can we devise economic policies that support workers without undermining the international trade system or accelerating climate change? And how should liberals respond to immigration pressures? Transatlantic discussion of these issues could play a vital role in revitalizing liberal ideals and developing political platforms capable of defending democratic governance in the years ahead.
Laurence Nardon is Head of the Americas Program at the Institut français des relations internationales.
Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2025.
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