By Peter Martey Agbeko, APR
Plastic waste has become an insidious threat to our environment, public health, and economy. Ghana, like many other developing nations, is grappling with the adverse effects of plastic pollution.
The sight of plastic waste clogging our gutters, choking marine life, and littering streets has become all too common. In a bold move, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced plans to curb plastic pollution by gradually banning the importation of plastics via the airport—a strategy inspired by Rwanda’s highly successful model. The big question is: Can Ghana successfully implement and sustain such a measure.
The scale of the plastic problem
Ghana generates an estimated 1.1 million metric tons of plastic waste annually, with only about 5% being recycled. The rest ends up in landfills, water bodies, and open spaces, exacerbating urban flooding and harming wildlife. Accra, the capital city, has seen severe floods worsened by blocked drainage systems, largely caused by plastic waste. This environmental challenge is not just a civic issue but also a national crisis requiring urgent intervention.
Rwanda’s success story: A model to follow?
Rwanda, often cited as Africa’s cleanest nation, has set a remarkable precedent in tackling plastic pollution. In 2008, the country implemented a total ban on non-biodegradable plastic bags and packaging materials. The ban was strictly enforced, with hefty fines and public sensitization campaigns ensuring compliance. This led to cleaner cities, improved public health, and a thriving eco-friendly alternative packaging industry.
At the Kigali International Airport, all arriving passengers have their luggage inspected for plastic bags. Any found are confiscated, and travelers are encouraged to use alternatives like paper or cloth bags. Ghana’s EPA is considering a similar approach at Kotoka International Airport (KIA), aiming to reduce plastic waste entering the country.
Key areas of importance in tackling Ghana’s plastic crisis
Legislative action and enforcement
For any plastic ban to be effective, strong legislation and enforcement mechanisms are essential. Ghana already has policies like the National Plastics Management Policy (2020), but implementation has been weak. The government must enact stricter laws with clear penalties for non-compliance, ensuring that businesses and individuals adhere to sustainable practices.
Alternative Packaging Solutions
One major argument against plastic bans is the lack of affordable and accessible alternatives. To address this, Ghana must promote and invest in biodegradable materials such as paper, jute, and cloth bags. Encouraging local production of eco-friendly packaging can also create jobs and reduce dependency on imported plastics.
Public awareness and behavioral change
Rwanda’s success was not just about enforcement but also extensive public education. Ghanaians need to be sensitiised about the dangers of plastic pollution and encouraged to adopt eco-friendly habits. Schools, religious institutions, and community leaders can play a significant role in driving this change.
Strengthening waste management and recycling systems
Ghana’s waste management infrastructure is inadequate, with insufficient recycling facilities and collection points. To make a plastic ban effective, the government must invest in and incentivize the recycling industry. Establishing more plastic collection centers and supporting businesses that turn plastic waste into useful products will be crucial.
Engaging the private sector
The private sector, including manufacturers and retailers, must be actively involved in the transition. Companies should be encouraged to adopt sustainable packaging solutions and participate in Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes, where they take responsibility for the plastic waste generated from their products.
Challenges Ghana may face
Despite the benefits, implementing a plastic ban in Ghana will not be without challenges. Resistance from businesses, lack of enforcement capacity, and the cost of alternatives may hinder progress. However, with strong political will, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and phased implementation, these challenges can be overcome.
Conclusion: A future without plastic pollution
Ghana stands at a crossroads in its fight against plastic pollution. By adopting the Rwandan model, particularly by banning plastics at entry points like the airport, the nation can take a significant step towards a cleaner, healthier environment. However, this must be part of a broader strategy that includes legislation, education, infrastructure development, and private sector engagement.
It is time for bold action. The plastic menace will not resolve itself, and delaying decisive measures will only worsen the problem. Ghana has an opportunity to lead by example in West Africa, proving that with commitment and collaboration, a plastic-free future is within reach.
