The cedi’s 2021 overvaluation has abated – by 14ppt to 113.2% – since 2020, with recent currency weakness helping close the overvaluation gap.
This is according to RMB – the investment banking arm of First National Bank’s most recent Milk Index, released yesterday. The Economist’s Big Mac Index measures purchasing power parity between currencies and looks at how market exchange rates impact the price of goods in various countries.
The Milk Index does the same. But it measures not on Big Macs, but on milk – available and accessible across Africa.
RMB’s Milk Index compares the price of milk on the African continent. While the Milk Index methodology is an interesting point of departure to evaluating the risks associated with taking foreign exchange exposure in Africa, it’s important to marry these results with other techniques to assess valuation.
Says RMB Africa Economist and Strategist Neville Mandimika: “We juxtapose the results from the Milk Index with other techniques like the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER). The results assist investors and corporates with operations in African countries with decisions around hedging their foreign exchange risk”.
Milk prices have trended up, and this year’s main finding is that COVID-19 exacerbated the valuation of certain currencies. In the last few months food prices have accelerated globally and played their part in higher inflation prints in most of RMB’s coverage countries.
The cedi’s overvaluation has abated this year compared to last year, by 14ppt to 113.2%, says Mandimika – who goes on to explain that it is the cedi’s weakness in the last few months that has aided in the unit closing this overvaluation gap. “When compared to the REER,” he adds, “we notice that the unit is deemed to be fairly valued. This implies that we could see the spot cedi trade sideways for the remainder of the year.”
On the horizon is the Cocobod issuance. This will further add to the central bank’s FX reserves, aiding its efforts to minimise currency weakness which would be inflationary. “That said,” concludes Mandimika, “it is important to note that as we get closer to the festive season, there will be a natural increase in demand for dollars as corporates stock up for the holidays. This will add pressure to the unit.”
