Government is determined to ramp up the speed and level of irrigation development in the country in order to increase the amount of irrigable land and ensure food security, the Minister of State at the Ministry of Agriculture, Dr Nurah Gyeile, has assured.
Explaining the government’s irrigation development strategy over the past three years, Dr Gyiele recalled that the main problem with agriculture, particularly in the northern regions, has been a lack of water in the eight-month dry season for crop production, livestock watering, domestic use and construction purposes. Many women have to walk for miles to fetch water in the dry season and finding water for cattle is also a major problem.
Addressing the press on Wednesday, July 8, 2020, Dr Gyiele stated: “This is the main problem. We are talking about lack of water for rural people who are mostly farmers. Historically, various governments have made efforts to increase the amount of irrigable land in the northern savannah zone. But out of the 1.9m hectares of irrigable land, only 33,000 hectares, representing 0.02% has been brought under irrigation, with only 13,000 hectares made up of public irrigation schemes. This is unacceptable.
“Recognizing this problem, upon assumption of power, the NPP government has adopted measures to bring about a change in the level and speed of irrigation development. The objective is to expand the area under irrigation; maintain and make more efficient existing irrigation schemes, some of which date back to dr Kwame Nkrumah’s days; and to make more water available and accessible to rural dwellers, especially farmers in the dry season.
“A three-pronged approach has therefore been adopted, namely the construction of large scale multipurpose dams such as Pwalugu, Tono and Vea to bring large tracts of irrigable land into use; the construction of small irrigation dams; and the construction of small earth dams for domestic water storage, livestock watering, faming and construction. This is the largest stock of such small earth dams provided since independence.”
Four hundred and thirty-seven dams have so far been awarded on contract, Dr Gyiele revealed, with 30 of them up to 50% complete, 69 between 50 and 89% complete, and 339 of them 90-100% complete. Each dam is projected to provide water for up to 5 hectares of land.
“No government since independence has brought as much land under irrigation in Ghana (and the north for that matter) as the government is doing with the Pwalugu Dam which all other governments since independence have paid lip service to. The Pwalugu dam alone will bring over 24,000 hectares of irrigable land into use.”
Responding to recent claims that about ninety (90%) percent of dams constructed under Ghana’s One-Village One-Dam initiative in the Upper East Region cannot be used for irrigation purposes, Dr Gyiele questioned the basis for such a claim since among others, there are different types of irrigation schemes, construction works were still ongoing, and the date of completion was also important.
“I don’t know the basis for this claim, but I suspect the researcher’s assumption was based on a particular irrigation system. As I said, there are three irrigation systems – gravity irrigation, where the dam is on a high land, you open and the water runs by gravity. Then you have the sprinkler irrigation, but you need a pump for that. Then you have the drip irrigation, which is also known as precision irrigation. What we are doing is mainly for drip irrigation.
“So for someone to say it is not suitable for irrigation, the question is, on what basis is he judging? If it is not suitable for gravity, can’t you do sprinkler? Can’t you do drip? People use wells or even poly tanks for irrigation so why can’t we use small dams? The thinking that resulted in that conclusion is not logical. We will need to interrogate his claims further. In any case, the dams are not only for irrigation. They will provide water for household use, for livestock, for construction of homes, etc. and have brought major relief to the communities where they are located.”
The One Village One Dam initiative, under the auspices of the Ministry of Special Development Initiatives (MSDI) is seeking to construct 560 Small Earth Dams in some remote and deprived villages across the northern regions. This is to ensure all year availability of water. These projects are funded from the allocation to each constituency, the cedi equivalent of US$1 million to finance basic Infrastructure projects.
When completed, each dam is hold more than 30,000 cubic metres of water when full, enough to survive the dry season in any year.
These dams taken together with the rehabilitation of dams such as Tono and Vea and the construction of Pwalugu dam represent a game changer in northern Ghana in terms of access to water for domestic and basic use, for livestock and irrigation. It is a holistic approach by government.
