A decade after oil discovery in Ghana, the commodity’s revenue generation developmental impacts so far are questionable, Professor John Asafu-Adjaye – Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) – has stated.
He said despite the fact that some of the revenue generated from oil has been saved for future generations, and has increased exports and improved the trade balance, it has added very little to economic growth – and by extension, employment and poverty alleviation.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye said this during his presentation on Tuesday in Accra, at a roundtable organised by the IEA on the theme ‘A Decade after Oil Discovery in Ghana: The Economic Impacts and Policy Implications’.
The presentation sought to address the economic impact of oil production so far, the extent to which Ghanaians are benefitting, and what can be done to enhance the developmental impacts of oil and gas production.
In 2007 a substantial discovery was made by Kosmos Energy LLC in the Gulf of Guinea’s Tano Basin, with recoverable reserves of more than 600 million barrels of oil and an upside potential of 1.8 billion barrels.
First-oil was in November 2010, with an initial output of 25,000 barrels of oil per day.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye said Ghana has therefore experienced six years of oil production a decade after the discovery.
He said since the Jubilee discovery, 25 other discoveries of oil and gas condensates have been discovered in the Deep Water Tano and West Cape Three Points Blocks.
He said these include the Tweneboa, Enyenra, Ntomme (TEN) and Sankofa-Gye Nyame (SGN) oilfields. Oil production from TEN commenced in August 2016 and is expected to plateau at 76,000 bopd between 2017 and 2020.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye said oil and gas production at the SGN field in the same area is expected to commence in 2018, and that over the next five years Ghana is expected to produce 250 million standard cubic feet of gas per day (Mscfd) and 190,000 Barrels of Oil Per Day (BOPD).
He said although modest by international standards, these discoveries confirm Ghana’s potential to establish a hydrocarbon industry.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye said the resolution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) Boundary dispute with Cote d’Ivoire in favour of Ghana now means these developments can proceed with certainty.
On the question of whether Ghanaians are getting the best out of the oil find, Prof Asafu-Adjaye answered “no”.
He said oil has however made some minimal impacts on output and job-creation, due to weak linkages between the oil sector and rest of the economy.
“In spite of the local content provisions, many individuals and SMEs are unable to participate in the industry due to lack of skills and capacity,” he stated.
“Furthermore, Ghana has not benefitted from previous oil contracts in terms of the economic rent extracted,” he added.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye – who is also an Associate Professor of Economics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia – said oil exploration has been documented as having taken place in Ghana in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the onshore Cape Three Points area; however, the initial exploratory wells did not return any evidence of substantial deposits.
He recounted that the first discovery of oil was in 1970 by the US firm AgriPetco off the coast of Saltpond; adding that the reserves were not in sufficient commercial quantities and initially abandoned.
He said the field is currently being exploited by a joint venture comprising the state-owned Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) and Lushann Eternit Energy Limited of Houston.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye recommended that as a matter of urgency government should make the necessary investments required to facilitate onshore processing of oil and gas.
He said this will enhance the developmental impacts of petroleum in terms of job-creation and backward and forward linkages with other sectors.
He noted that government should also invest in human capital in this area, to promote significant local participation.
Prof. Asafu-Adjaye made a strong case for re-negotiating all oil contracts, to enable the nation have its fair share of the oil wealth.
“Much can be learned from Norway, which began oil production in 1969/70 and has done very well in terms of managing its resources,” he said.
